Relection Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Relection Paper - Essay Example In an exceptionally fascinating investigation, Hannaford refers to instances of the impacts of activity of body on incitement of psyche. The creator keeps up that practicing the body can upgrade learning experience. I adored the book since it was reviving and had some unique something worth mulling over. Despite the fact that I knew about the advantages of practicing the body, I had to know how it could animate learning and mind movement. Presently I understand why it is critical for kids in school setting to be presented to physical exercise and sports. Since it is solid activity and it likewise makes practice a learning experience. The youngsters must be associated with exercise and its advantages so they can find them for themselves. It has been noticed that kids and educators are both pleased by the way in which exercise invigorates mind. I feel that in our schools we should make practice compulsory for all understudies with the target of improving learning an and increasingly compelling experience for them and for the instructors also. Hannaford clarifies that faculties and feelings assume a key job in upgrading the learning procedure and along these lines suggests practice both when learning. She begins from an extremely youthful age which helped me in seeing how exercise could influence learning. She says that essential early exercise like creeping greatly affect a kid's learning capacities. Creeping activate[s] the two halves of the globe in a fair manner (Hannaford, 92).the creator additionally demands that genuine learning process begins with development in light of a boost, at that point makes a specific circumstance or experience to comprehend the tactile info (99). What was truly illuminating came as discoveries on perusing. I discovered that kids are not responsive to quiet perusing till the age of seven. What's more, along these lines this movement must be deferred till at that point. They ought to rather be instructed in a manner that would recognize their common movement of aptitudes and their bodies' regular advancement stage. I was glad to see that when applied in study hall, kids really reacted to these better approaches for learning. All the clamor they make while giggling, sharing, assembling and moving around and learning was a solid sign of their high association. Hannaford advocates the utilization of pictures and painting to improve learning: The vast majority need to talk about, compose, or attract an image of new thoughts request stay them in the body with development for memory and deliberate focus (101). Hannaford likewise presents her discoveries on inhibitors that can influence learning. She recognizes such factors as TV, PCs and computer games as hardly any inhibitors that may hinder the learning procedure. Youngsters completely fascinated in sports are less inclined to sit in front of the TV or invest energy in video consol. This is gainful regarding their wellbeing and furthermore encourages learning. Stress is appeared as another significant restraint factor. To put it plainly, the book centers around the finding that: It is the full enactment and parity of all pieces of our body/mind framework that permit us to get compelling, beneficial masterminds (106). Furthermore, this I have seen as a discovering deserving of certifying again and again.

Intention of Life Interest

Aim of Life Interest 1. (a) The existence enthusiasm of Parwinder which on a superficial level gives off an impression of being a vested, quick and constrained intrigue is combined with a leftover portion enthusiasm for their little girls. In this case, there is an issue with conviction of goal. Albeit specialized words are not necessary,[1] issues emerge when precatory words, for example, ‘in full confidence’ and ‘will respect’ are utilized in this arrangement. The wording of this arrangement is fundamentally the same as the wording of another arrangement including in Comiskey[2] which expressed â€Å"in full certainty that †¦ at her demise she will devise it†¦Ã¢â‚¬  between nieces as â€Å"she may see fit.† Therefore, following this judgment all things considered, the courts would interpret from her words an aim to leave her home to her significant other with a blessing over of the rest of the property to be shared between her girls as per his will and in any case similarly. Notwithstanding, if the court concludes that expectation can't be gotten from this arrangement, Parwinder will take the property advantageously and there is a subsequent trust.[3] In this occasion Parwinder will be named trustee of the bequest in this way, he can be constrained to complete the trust. Ought to Parwinder become incapable to apportion offers to his girls the court will work as trustee and disseminate the home if all assurances are seen as substantial. On the off chance that Parwinder is held to be a trustee, he should complete the appropriation of the domain as a trust is required. In this manner, he should cause an arrangement in his will to assigning the dissemination of the bequest or probably he should make an express trust ensuring he incorporates legitimate surenesses and follows the recipient rule entomb vivos. This arrangement may likewise establish a trust related to an intensity of arrangement. As per Hanbury Martin, when a spouse gives his bequest to his â€Å"widow for her life, and after her passing to their children† yet permits the wife to choose the offers for every youngster it is a substantial capacity to â€Å"appoint utilizing her supreme watchfulness with a blessing in default of equivalent offers â€Å"[4] Therefore, an extraordinary force exists whereby Parwinder must convey the home to a predefined gathering of appointees[5] be that as it may, he is under no commitment to do his obligation or even consider it as an obligation.[6] (b) Right off the bat, this arrangement may fall flat for absence of conviction of topic in that the size of each gainful intrigue isn't explicitly declared.[7] However, the court may establish that the settlor has given a successful strategy for deciding the size of the blessing subsequently; the court will apply its supposition so as to keep the blessing from failing.[8] Should the courts be not able to decide any sureness of size of the valuable intrigue the arrangement will turn into a subsequent trust for the settlor’s home. Expecting the offer size might be dictated by certain methods, doubtlessly  £200,000 has been made over into a trust held by the trustees of the home. Nonetheless, the commitment to circulate the cash to the initial 100 candidates must be explained as an optional trust or an intensity of arrangement. As indicated by Hanbury Martin apparently the trustees who hold a trust to assist â€Å"such individuals from a class of recipients as the trustees will in their outright circumspection select†[9], are in actuality the trustees of an optional trust. The principal necessity would then be to determine if there is sureness of items utilizing the test energized by the House of Lords, the Given Postulant Test.[10] The test requires the trustees to ask â€Å"Can it be said with conviction that any given individual is or isn't an individual from the class?†[11] Utilizing this test it is legitimate to state that any postulant who has written in light of the promotion in the Oxford Gazette and who have made an ethical case for an offer should be viewed as an individual from the class of recipients. A slight issue emerges if because of the notice the next day 100+ letters are gotten making it incomprehensible for the trustees to figure out who the initial 100 recipients are as is plainly mentioned in the arrangement. This would bring about authoritative unworkability and the trust would get void and return to the settlor’s home. (c) The wording of the arrangement would be translated to force a guardian obligation on the trustees and in this manner, produce an express trust. This is because of all convictions being unequivocal and direct. In spite of the fact that Charles is in a state of unconsciousness and far-fetched to recoup, the trustees are as yet bound under the provisions of the trust to circulate property to Charles as indicated by the affirmation of trust. In general, the trustees are under a general obligation to act fairly and â€Å"maintain uniformity between the beneficiaries†[12] particularly with regards to progressive interests. The trustees despite everything keep up the legitimate title of the vehicles and Charles and the Oxford Motor Museum appreciate simply a fair and gainful intrigue. Along these lines, it is workable for the Trustees to keep up the lawful title to the vehicles and give the whole assortment of vehicles to the Museum on trust as they won't naturally get the lawful title to the vehicles. Should Charles bite the dust his evenhanded enthusiasm for one of the vehicles will succeed him and become some portion of his home, be that as it may, if he somehow happened to recoup he would in any case have an impartial enthusiasm for one of the vehicles which he could then exploit. When he or a recipient of his domain has picked a vehicle the legitimate title of the vehicle will be moved to them through the proper strategy and the trustee’s obligation to Charles will be satisfied and the trust will end. The trustees will at that point hold the rest of the vehicles on trust for the Museum. The last alternative accessible to the trustees is to make an application to the Court for Directions. As Charles is as yet living, he has a sincere case on one of the vintage vehicles; along these lines, if the trustees apply to the Court for heading and follow any ensuing bearings of the court they will be protected.[13] This procedure has become effective to permit challenges in organization of the trust to be heard by the Court and mitigate the â€Å"risk of settling on choices upon a bogus premise.†[14] 2. One of the primary issues in the present law encompassing interests in the family home is concerning the occasionally old nature of the law in regard to the more level field that man and lady currently work and bolster themselves through their vocations. Pettitt vPettitt[15] clarified that a ladies housework, childcare and commitments towards costs don't liken to commitment towards the price tag hence, except if the wife requests the house to be passed on to the life partners mutually, she may discover she has no enthusiasm for the endless supply of her marriage, in any case, the option to summon optional forces of the court to circulate the property is as yet a choice she has upon separate. The principle issue with the present law today is the absence of legal force a court has when managing living together couples who share a family home. Couples may frequently live respectively for a considerable length of time and have kids and commonly add to the house by means of redesign, costs and upkeep, notwithstanding, periodically the house is enrolled to one of the people in particular. Be that as it may, a non-lawful co-proprietor may have a fair enthusiasm bringing about a helpful trust even where a direct monetary commitment has not been made.[16] A productive trust is another answer for this issue whereby the courts will consider commitments made to the home loan installment by each gathering, renovation the house as this added to the support and basic upkeep. This cure becomes effective on the off chance that one gathering has â€Å"acted to his detriment† in dependence on the confirmation that he held a helpful interest.[17] Finally, and by and large best is the cure of restrictive estoppel or when the Courts â€Å"protect the desires for the non-proprietor and may grant the non-proprietor as much as a full possession enthusiasm for the land if equity demands†[18]. The fundamental components of exclusive estoppel exist where the legitimate proprietor of the property hosts empowered a third get-together to accept that he has or will later on get rights in regard of the property and the outsider has acted in dependence of this confirmation to his detriment.[19] This is the most simply cure accessible as it will consider minor oral assertions, for example, â€Å"the house is as much yours as mine† or â€Å"we share everything 50-50† as an affirmation and the non-lawful proprietor is probably going to be conceded an evenhanded enthusiasm for the endless supply of the family locally established on the measure of commitment made throughout the long stretches of mutual living. Reference index PEARCE, R AND STEVENS, J. (2002) The Law of Trusts and Equitable Obligations third Edition London: LexisNexis Butterworth’s Tolley. PENNER, J.E. (2001) Mozley and Whitley’s Law Dictionary twelfth Edition London: Butterworths. MARTIN, J.E. (2001) Hanbury Martin Modern Equity sixteenth Edition London: Sweet Maxwell Ltd. Commentaries [1] Paul v Constance [1977] 1 W.L.R. 527 [2] Comiskey v Bowring-Hanbury [1905] A.C. 84 [3] Watson v. Holland [1985] 1 All E.R. 290. [4] Martin (2001) page 173. [5] Re Gestetner [1953] Ch. 672. [6] Martin (2001) page 174 [7] Boyce v Boyce (1849) 16 Sim 476. [8] Re Golay [1965] 1 W.L.R. 969 [9] Martin (2001) page 175. [10] Re Gulbenkien’s Settlements [1970] AC 508 [11] Ibid per Lord Wilberforce [1971] AC 424 at pages 454-6. [12] Martin (2001) page 553. [13] Re Londonderry’s Settlement [1965] Ch. 918. [14] Martin (2001) page 550. [15] [1970] AC 777. [16] Lloyds Bank v Rossett [1991] 1 AC 107. [17] Ibid at page 536. [18] Penner (2001), page 281. [19] Gillies v Keogh [198

Arming Pilots Essay Example

Outfitting Pilots Essay Ensure Our People Please What do you do on the off chance that somebody is holding a firearm in your face, and you don't have anything to safeguard yourself with? Well that is the specific condition that we as a whole get the opportunity of looking on a plane. Americans are required to jump on a plane and have a sense of security and ensured, however every one of that has occurred on planes in the previous ten years has left us dreadful. We have to plan something for ensure that we are protected on a plane and that an American plane can never be seized again. We have to prepare and arm our pilots to guarantee our wellbeing on a plane. Planes are monstrous and complex bits of hardware, and they assist us with getting to places more productively and less expensive than conventional ways. In spite of the fact that we have seen that if planes are not taken care of appropriately in the sky, it will effectsly affect human lives for an enormous scope. Seizing or psychological warfare is one of the significant reasons for planes being made into death machines. Americans wellbeing on board planes ought to be of the highest significance. There are various demonstrations of fear based oppression that has happened on business aircrafts, and there should be a stop to that. Albeit most psychological oppressor assaults where a consequence of individuals needing cash or something to change in their nation, yet on September eleventh 2001 the main objective that the fear based oppressors had was to kill the same number of individuals as they could. A large number of human lives were lost in the World Trade Center and Pentagon, a large number of dollars, as well. At any cost, we should never permit the high-jacking of September 11 to be rehashed. This catastrophe has made aircraft security the main issue. Various estimates, for example, stuff checks, personality checks, the nearness of Sky Marshals ready, etc were proposed via carrier organizations, pilots, and security specialists. We will compose a custom article test on Arming Pilots explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Arming Pilots explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Arming Pilots explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer A significant number of these measures are being actualized. Be that as it may, consider the possibility that a fear monger gets by the security checks focuses, it isn't care for it has not occurred previously. One thing that did occur after the September eleventh assault was that (West,1) â€Å"Congress authorized the Department of Transportation to consider equipping pilots†¦pilots associations have embraced keeping weapons in cockpits, and the general population has meant endorsement. Almost 66% of those whom we trust to work colossal flies securely are previous military pilots with guns preparing, and aptitudes testing would not be an issue. Before September 11 numerous individuals had never had any dread of psychological warfare accepting that â€Å"something like that can just occur in a movie†. Nowadays, the vast majority would reconsider before getting onto a plane. As I would see it outfitting pilots would increment people’s trust in aircraft security in the event that they conveyed a firearm and not only a weapon. As an option in contrast to guns a few specialists propose outfitting pilots with immobilizers or firearms furnished with specific shots. The shots would â€Å"disintegrate on impact† to guarantee the wellbeing of the airplane. Be that as it may, they could harm the human body, which is fine on account of criminals. The planes cockpits previously come furnished with crash tomahawks, which could be utilized as weapons. (Scott, 3) An overview was given on October ninth asking what number of individuals would consent to leaving pilots alone equipped, and seventy five percent said arm our pilots. † The contention whether pilots should convey firearms isn’t dependent on realities and insights, yet on convictions and suppositions. Clearly, a pilot conveying a firearm lessens the likelihood that ruffians could prevail in their errand. Likewise, most of the American open feels more secure simply realizing that numerous pilots are starting to convey weapons. For those travelers who don’t like pilots conveying weapons, they ought to understand that they trust pilots each time they fly and that giving those pilots a firearm is simply demonstrating a more prominent trust in them. A few people contradicted to pilots conveying weapons dread for the wellbeing of the travelers; they dread that a wanderer slug may strike a traveler. Consider the possibility that the pilot shot various occasions at the robber and unintentionally shot a traveler. Truly, this is a real point. In any case, given the decision, most would pick a wanderer projectile to one traveler over the heartbreaking passings of thousands. Individuals feel that (Donnelly, 1) a couple of projectile openings in the plane will get something going and cause the plane to go down. These individuals do not understand what they are discussing. Aircrafts have encountered blasts on planes without it smashing what will a couple of projectile gaps do? Most pilots have an exceptionally solid feeling about this either possibly in support (Ko, 1) one pilot had contended that If we flop in security screening, profiling, stuff look, security checks, and have a psychological oppressor jump on a plane, which is truly conceivable, what is our barrier? he inquires. All I am requesting is a battling opportunity to spare my travelers, group, airplane and individuals on the ground from a psycho or psychological militant. A few people restrict having firearms ready for various reasons. On the off chance that a potential psychological militant realizes that a weapon is ready, they could make an arrangement to use it as a component of a bigger a rrangement. The utilization of a bolted lodge entryway and on-board air marshals appears enough security. With tight air terminal security, it is practically unthinkable for a robber to welcome a firearm or a blade on a plane. The most they would likely have the option to get past would be a couple of box cutters. They would not have the option to cut down the whole plane, or have the option to bust open the pilots cockpit entryways with a couple of box cutters. In the event that the pilots had a weapon, the criminals could trap the pilots when they came out of the cockpit and the robbers would wind up having the firearms and the travelers would be vulnerable. (Scott, 3) But what the pilots are attempting to tell individuals is that you would need to experience thorough testing and abilities preparing to be thought of, and that is to forestall another sad even like September eleventh. I do accept aircraft pilots ought to be outfitted in such a case that the plane is being captured, that might be the best way to spare lives if the plane has been overwhelmed by hostiles. I accept aircraft pilots ought to be outfitted to shield themselves and the travelers from hostiles. There are numerous U. S. Marshalls which are put on planes to shield a seized plane from happening, yet I despite everything trust it is a smart thought for the pilots to be furnished. The robbers could move beyond the Marshall and advance toward the cockpit which would be an exceptionally perilous situation. On the off chance that the pilot was outfitted, this could spare several lives as the hostiles would not anticipate that the pilot should have a weapon. I dont figure we should take any risks after the assaults of September eleventh. There ought to be a technique, strategy, methodology and preparing for the treatment of the weapon. An activity plan ought to be joined to the chance of utilizing the weapon. In any case, indeed, pilots ought to be equipped. The pilot ought to need to pass a mental appraisal, as they as of now need to. In any case, a pilot with a weapon is not any more risky than a pilot with a plane brimming with travelers, flying through the air. There are no police in the sky. Theres no place to run and cover up there. What's more, the pilot as of now has the duty of everyones life in his grasp. Thus, he ought to be as prepared as conceivable to manage that obligation. Work Cited Donnelly, Sally B. Pilots Packing Heat. Time 160. 10 (2002): 31. Scholastic Search Complete. Web. 2 Dec. 2011. Ko, Marnie. Arm The Pilots. Report/Newsmagazine (Alberta Edition) 28. 1 (2001): 22. Scholarly Search Complete. Web. 2 Dec. 2011. West, Woody. Outfitting Airline Pilots Is A Risk Worth Taking. Knowledge On The News 18. 23 (2002): 48. Scholastic Search Complete. Web. 2 Dec. 2011. Scott, William B. Carrier Pilots: Arm Us And They Will Come. . Flying Week Space Technology 155. 20 (2001): 47. Scholarly Search Complete. Web. 2 Dec. 2011. Scott, William B. Fight Lines Drawn Over Arming Airline Pilots. Aeronautics Week Space Technology 156. 7 (2002): 45. Scholarly Search Complete. Web. 2 Dec. 2011.

How Chinas Economy Has Transformed Over The Years - 275 Words

How China's Economy Has Transformed Over The Years (Essay Sample) Content: Chinas Economy in the Last 30 YearsNameInstructor IntroductionThe economic rise of China in the past three decades has been a subject of great interest not only among economists and investors, but also in the national politics of other countries as Chinas economic might has a direct impact on international trade relations. Most notable is the ripple effects that the Chinese economic juggernaut has had in the U.S., to the point of being a political issue in the just concluded US presidential elections. Donald Trumps campaign-period promise to renegotiate the U.S.s bilateral and multilateral trade agreements with China as well as with its North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement partners, Canada and Mexico, suggests the impact that Chinas economic growth has had on the U.S. economy. Before Chinas rise, the US had no problem with NAFTA because the world market share was enough for everyone. Chinas rise, it appears, has negatively affected the US economy not only by eating int o its domestic market, but also presenting strong competition in the global arena due to the low prices of Chinese products. Domestically, the U.S. economy has suffered from the influx of cheap Chinese electronics and furniture, the latter leading to the collapse of the U.S furniture industry. Yet, Chinas rise to its current level of economic domination is not entirely a surprise given that for years, economic observers had christened China a sleeping lion. The big question is, when did the sleeping lion wake up, and who or what woke it up? When did Chinas economy take a turn in a direction that will make it a global titan in the 21st century? This essay analyzes the economic rise of China by tracing its economic performance in the last 30 years and the factors that played to its advantage in its emergence as a real threat to the U.S.s global economic dominance. Background InformationFor many years, China lagged behind its Asian counterparts in terms of economic development, largely due to its communist policies. Under Mao Zedong, the economy stagnated as the Communist regime strived to establish a classless society. State control of the economy not only limited productivity, but also killed the spirit of entrepreneurship, as individuals were not allowed to profit from surplus production. As the Chinese rural population survived on subsistence farming, the countrys exports dwindled to the bare minimum, thereby reducing its foreign exchange earning capacity. At the same time, the governments control over the agricultural sector limited individual earnings, which had a negative impact on the general economy. The consequences of this situation included limited purchasing powers, low rates of domestic investment, and low living standards. As retired Chinese CNN correspondent Flora Cruz observes, the four top luxury items in China during the Mao years were a bicycle, a wrist watch, a portable radio, and clothes (Cruz, 2008). This description captures the picture of poverty that characterized the Chinese population. Three decades following the ascendance to power by Deng Xiaoping in 1978 and the implementation of economic reforms, the top luxury expenditures of Chinese consumers include high-end cars and vacations abroad. The significant transformation of the Chinese economy is a subject of interest because it provides useful lessons for other countries to learn from. While each countrys economy is unique in terms of resource endowment, human capital characteristics and political/economic philosophy, there are common aspects that influence economic growth, such as utilization of technology and human resources. The Chinese experience in which a country transforms its economy for the better by transitioning from a low-income to middle and upper income economy provides a useful blueprint worth studying and borrowing from for countries that are currently in the same level of economic growth as China was in 1978. This research paper examines the gr owth trajectory of Chinas economy in the last 30 years and how this growth pattern and attendant factors impact international trade and the trade/economic policies of rival economies like the U.S. Research MethodologyThis research paper is based on a review of existing literature on Chinas economic growth rates and growth patterns since 1978, and the factors that contributed to the countrys unprecedented growth rate. The research compares and analyses financial and other relevant statistical data such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP) rates, unemployment and inflation levels. These items are relevant indicators of the countrys financial performance at a macroeconomic level. Literature ReviewChinas economic rise began in 1978 following the death of Mao Zedong, and the end to his Cultural Revolution regime, which for many years had choked entrepreneurship and private ownership of property, hindering economic growth (Cruz, 2008). Deng Xiaoping, Maos successor, steered the country away fr om Maos legacy of communal farming and tight state control of the economy and participation in every sector. In a Communist Party meeting in December 1978, the new leadership adopted a pragmatic approach to resuscitating the ailing Chinese economy by launching business-friendly and progressive economic reforms. This included opening up the Chinese market to attract direct foreign investment and supporting a free market economy to encourage entrepreneurship. Since 1978, Chinas economy has been growing at an average of 9.8 percent annually, making it the fourth largest economy in the world by 2010 (Wearden, 2010). Before the introduction of reforms in 1979, Chinas average GDP growth rate from 1960 to 1978 was 5.3% (IMF, 2012). In the last five years, however, the growth rate has declined as the country readjusts to the effects of the global economic meltdown. Regardless, its growth rate is among the highest in the world. A decline was posted in 2010 when the growth rate dropped to 10% in 2010, down from 14% in 2009 as the economy reacted to the 2008 meltdown. This milestone reform achievement for China is equivalent to the renaissance and industrial revolution. Since the initiation of the market reforms more than three decades ago, China has shifted its economic approach from a centrally planned to a free market economy, and from agriculture-based to technology-based, which has contributed to the countrys rapid social and economic growth. The constant annual GDP rates of nearly 10 percent has helped to lift more than 800 million people from poverty and power Chinas march towards the achievement of all the Millennium Development Goals by the year 2015, as well as helping third world countries to achieve these goals (World Bank, 2016). The 9 percent GDP growth rate is nearly two times Chinas 1978 rates, illustrating the great impact that adopting a free market economy has had on the countrys economic rise. In dollar terms, the countrys gross domestic product has increased from 147 billion in 1978 to over 4 trillion in 2009 (World Bank, 2016). Since 2010, China has emerged as a leader in different economic sectors, notable in its fast recovery from the 2007 economic meltdown compared to other world major economics. Indeed, this might be one of the factors why in the last five years, Chinas economic rise has become a major concern in the U.S.A not only because it (China) came out better off than the USA from the economic meltdown, but also because it seemed to benefit from the situation by taking advantage of its cheap labor to flood the US market with low-price products. Chinas rapid growth rate has also benefited from investment in research and development, which accelerated its technological revolution. In the last twenty years, China has nearly tripled the percentage of GDP devoted to research and development (Purdy, 2013). INCLUDEPICTURE "https://hbr.org/resources/images/article_assets/2013/11/randdexpenditures.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET 
While the total share of GDP devoted to research and development is still below US rates, it reflects the countrys aggressive approach in transforming its economy from agriculture based to technology based. A comparison between China and other major economies indicate that it is only second to the U.S., which has far more resources and has benefited from capitalism much longer than China.GDP, current prices (billion USD) 201420152016 HYPERLINK "https://knoema.com/tbocwag?subject=Gross%20domestic%20product%2C%20current%20prices%20%28U.S.%20dollars%29country=United%20States" \t "_blank" United States17,393.118,036.718,561.9 HYPERLINK "https://knoema.com/tbocwag?subject=Gross%20domestic%20product%2C%20current%20prices%20%28U.S.%20dollars%29country=China" \t "_blank" China10,557.611,181.611,391.6 HYPERLINK "https://knoema.com/tbocwag?subject=Gross%20domestic%20product%2C%20current%20prices%20%28U.S.%20dollars%29country=Japan" \t "_blank" Japan4,595.54,124.24 ,730.3 HYPERLINK "https://knoema.com/tbocwag?subject=Gross%20domestic%20product%2C%20current%20prices%20%28U.S.%20dollars%29country=Germany" \t "_blank" Germany3,885.43,365.33,494.9 HYPERLINK "https://knoema.com/tbocwag?subject=Gross%20domestic%20product%2C%20current%20prices%20%28U.S.%20dollars%29country=United%20Kingdom" \t "_blank" United Kingdom3,002.42,858.52,649.9 HYPERLINK "https://knoema.com/tbocwag?subject=Gross%20domestic%20product%2C%20current%20prices%20%28U.S.%20dollars%29country=France" \t "_blank" France2,843.72,420.22,488.3 HYPERLINK "https://knoema.com/tbocwag?subject=Gross%20domestic%20product%2C%20current%20prices%20%28U.S.%20dollars%29country=India" \t "_blank" India...

Self Assessment Of Leadership Practices - 1019 Words

Self-Assessment of Leadership Practices The road to becoming an exceptional leader while rewarding, is one filled with numerous challenges. Developing the necessary skills required in order to successfully lead others is a life-long process. In this paper, I will discuss in details my leadership qualities. I will include results from my Seven Habits Profile, evaluate my strength and weaknesses and adopt leadership theories that will help guide my self-evaluation. In addition, I will analyze proven theories that will help me address skills, weaknesses, and behaviors in my leadership skills. These theories-based changes will help form and guide my set of SMART goals. I will draft a plan for success in my journey towards becoming a great leader. Reflection on Seven Habits Profile and Findings The Seven Habits Profile is a tool created by Dr. Stephen Covey, bestselling author of â€Å"The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People†. In his book, Dr. Covey describes important characteristics of people who are not only great citizens of this world, but â€Å"highly effective† leaders and role models. It is imperative to understand that these characteristics or traits can be developed or acquired by everyone who wishes to obtain them. Covey (2004) Leaders should strive to attain each of the following character traits; by using this tool, I gained useful information that will evaluate my leadership skills. The areas measured by the Seven Habits Profile are the following: 1. Be proactiveShow MoreRelatedSelf-Evaluation and Assessment in Contemporary Leadership1397 Words   |  6 PagesSelf Evaluation and Assessment in Contemporary Leadership What makes a good leader? Is it the ability to execute tasks, or manage teams? There are seriously a myriad of answers to such questions. Yet, one notable answer is the ability to learn from ones mistakes and use effective self-evaluation and assessment in order to increase overall performance. Self assessment is a fundamental character found within effective leadership because it invokes continual learning, ensures positive rises inRead MoreReflective Reflection895 Words   |  4 PagesI do not recall learning about reflective practice in my undergraduate studies. Reflective practice according to Barbour (2013), â€Å"is the cyclic process of internally examining and exploring an issue of concern, triggered by an experience, which creates and clarifies meaning in terms of self, existing knowledge, and experience; resulting in a changed conceptual perceptive and practice† (p. 7). According to Barbour (2013), reflective process has many positive outcomes to help guide the n urse to becomeRead MoreReflection On Leadership Competency1453 Words   |  6 Pages â€Æ' Introduction This reflection on my leadership development was key to understand the fundamentals of leadership development. Having already acknowledged that leadership development is a self-development on-going process, I now realize that it requires deliberate practice based on a serious self-assessment to become a better learner before to become a better leader (Smith, 2017). As learning how to learn can be challenging, the NCHL Leadership Competency Model seems to be the perfect method to teachRead MoreLeadership Theory And Practice Of Leadership874 Words   |  4 Pages Throughout the entire course of this class, I have been asked to fill out different self-assessments related to whatever topic or approach to leadership Peter Northouse (2013) was discussing in his book Leadership Theory and Practice. Each one of these self-assessments were intended to help me in discovering who I was as a person and a leader. Some of the leadership self-assessments included the Least Preferred Coworker Measu re from the Contingency Theory chapter, the Leader-Member Exchange QuestionnaireRead MoreA Discussion Of Conscious Leadership1180 Words   |  5 PagesIn this discussion of conscious leadership, I present leadership theories. I emphasize the role that emotional intelligence plays in conscious leadership. A summary of a series of assessments and an analysis of the results highlights the values, attitudes, behaviors and approaches I have within groups and the organization. More importantly, the assessments and discussion on conscious leadership serves as direction to be an effective leader. Conscious leaders are aware of the world around them. TheRead MoreDeveloping Studentsself Awareness1733 Words   |  7 PagesDeveloping Students Self-Awareness to Improve Leadership Qualities Students of leadership courses typically emerge with an understanding of how various leaders faced difficult situations, implemented tools and strategies, and experienced the results. Scholars and practitioners have suggested that this outside-in method to understanding what it means to be a leader is not serving our graduates, organizations, and society well. Several recommend an inside-out approach whereby the student is encouragedRead MoreEssay On Periodic Evaluation And Evaluation1013 Words   |  5 PagesPittsburgh has been using periodic evaluation and assessment of their academic programs for many years. It is done in a consistent way and according to the standards expected from some accreditation bodies like Middle States Commission. The university aims at ensuring the high-quality provision of academic programs and services. According to a Self-Study Submitted in April 2012 to the Middle States Commission on Higher Education, The evaluation practice include many elements li ke the quality of the programRead MoreLeadership Development : A Strategic Approach820 Words   |  4 PagesFuture Leadership Development Consequently, leadership development requires that organizations take a strategic approach such as coaching, training programs, mentoring, and/or virtual learning. 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Ronda Harlan reflects how the master’s program at CSU aligned withRead MoreLeadership For An Advanced Practice Nurse997 Words   |  4 PagesIndividual Leadership Assessment Paper Meta Cristiano NUR 604-QM2: Leadership in Advanced Nursing Practice Roles School of Nursing University of Alabama at Birmingham Fall, 2016 Individual Leadership Assessment Leadership is a very important role for an advanced practice nurse. There are many leadership styles a person can utilize when working in a collaborative team environment. It is the responsibility of an advance practice nurse to take on a leadership role and finding

The Crucible By Arthur Miller - 1408 Words

Imagine being persecuted for something you had no control over. Ever since 1692 in the city of Salem, Massachusetts where the idea of â€Å"witch-hunts† originated, several groups across the world have been persecuted because of their race, religion, ethnicity, or other unsupported reasons. In Arthur Miller’s play, The Crucible, the witch-hunts that took place during Puritan times are specifically targeted and serve as the focus point throughout the course of the story. Aside from the main plot points of the play, Miller also comments on a period in the 1950s during the Cold War when people who were thought to have been communists were persecuted against and deemed guilty without substantial evidence. These so-called â€Å"witch-hunts† stemmed from periods of fear and racism, and people were victimized with no way to prove themselves. Based on the outcome of multiple historical events throughout the course of history, â€Å"witch-hunts† are not justified o r needed to achieve justice or establish order in society. One prime example of a historical â€Å"witch-hunt† is the Negro Holocaust, a period in the late 1800s and early 1900s where African Americans were lynched by white people based on their skin color. Between 1880 and 1930, a period known as the Lynching Era occurred throughout the United States where thousands of African Americans were discriminated against by white supremacist groups. Black men, women, and children alike all met their deaths at the hands of white mobs. This kind ofShow MoreRelatedThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1269 Words   |  6 PagesAt first glance, the playwright Arthur Miller in The Crucible highlights the historical significance of the Salem Witch Trials of 1692, but in fact it is an allegorical expression of his perception of McCarthyism. If the reader has some background information on Arthur Miller’s victimization as a communist, it is evident that the play is a didactic vessel illustr ating the flaws of the court system in the 1950’s. The communist allegations were launched at government employees, entertainers and writersRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1333 Words   |  6 PagesAs the various characters in The Crucible by Arthur Miller interact, the dominant theme of the consequences of women’s nonconformity begins to slide out from behind the curtains of the play. Such a theme reveals the gripping fear that inundated the Puritans during the seventeenth century. This fear led to the famous witch-hunts that primarily terrorized women who deviated from the Puritan vision of absolute obedience and orthodoxy. Arthur Miller presents his interpretation of the suffering by subtlyRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1681 Words   |  7 Pagesof their way to the last dying breath to make sure they leave with a good or bad reputation. In one of the recent literature study in class â€Å"The Crucible† by Arthur Miller, Miller uses characteriza tion to illustrate reputation throughout the play. â€Å"The Crucible† takes place in Salem, Massachusetts. It is based upon the Salem witch trails. In â€Å"The Crucible†, we journey through the life of three characters who reputations plays a major role in the play. The three characters are John Proctor, AbigailRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller998 Words   |  4 Pagesmotivated by jealousy and spite. The Crucible is a four-act dramatic play production that was first performed on January 22, 1953. 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Some symptoms of Groupthink found in the Crucible are Rationale, Pressure, and Self-Censorship. The Groupthink symptom, Rationale, is described as when victims of Groupthink ignore warnings: they also collectivelyRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller811 Words   |  4 Pages While The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, is only a four act play, it still resembles the format of a five act play. The five-act structure evolved from a three-act structure, which was made famous by Roman Aelius Donatus. Donatus came up with three types of plays: Protasis, Epitasis, and Catastrophe. The five-act structure helped to expand the three act structure, mainly made famous by Shakespeare through his many tragedies. Even though The Crucible contains only four acts, it still has the commonRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1052 Words   |  5 PagesBuddy Al-Aydi Ms.Healy English 9 CP 14th October 2014 The Crucible Essay The Crucible was a novel written by Arthur Miller in the 1950’s. It was written in a format of the play, portraying an allegory of the Salem Witch-Hunts led by Senator Joseph McCarthy. The book is known to have a inexplicable plot. This plot is advanced by multiple characters in the book in order to ensure that the reader maintains interest with the material that is being read. The farmer, John Proctor, would be theRead MoreThe Crucible by Arthur Miller1085 Words   |  5 Pagesopposes the will of the majority is a recurring feature of drama.† Identify such a conflict in a non-Shakespearean play you have studied and show how the dramatist deals with the implications for both the character and the society. Arthur Miller in ‘The Crucible,’ deals with the internal/external conflicts of protagonist John Proctor, during the witch trials of Salem; showing the effects of â€Å"an individual opposed to the will of the majority.† Through the mass hysteria caused by Abigail, corruption

Reggio Emilia free essay sample

The Reggio Emilia approach to early childhood education is based on over forty years of experience in the Reggio Emilia Preschool Centres in Italy. It places emphasis on childrens symbolic languages in the context of a project-oriented curriculum. Learning is viewed as a journey; and education as building relationships with people (both children and adults) and creating connections between ideas and the environment. The Reggio Approach is based on a comprehensive philosophy, underpinned by several fundamental, guiding principles. The child as protagonist, collaborator, and communicator, the teacher as partner, nurturer, guide, and researcher. Cooperation as the foundation of the educational system, the environment as the third teacher. the Parent as Partner and Documentation as communication. Emergent Curriculum: An emergent curriculum is one that builds upon the interests of children. Topics for study are captured from the talk of children, through community or family events, as well as the known interests of children (puddles, shadow, dinosaurs, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Reggio Emilia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ). Team planning is an essential component of the emergent curriculum. Teachers work together to formulate the possible directions of a project, the materials needed, and possible parent and/or community support and involvement. Teachers as Researchers: The teachers role within the Reggio Emilia approach is complex. Working as co-teachers, the role of the teacher is first and foremost to be that of a learner alongside the children. Within such a teacher-researcher role, educators carefully listen, observe, and document childrens work and the growth of community in their classroom and are to provoke, co-construct, and stimulate thinking and peer collaboration. Teachers are committed to reflection about their own teaching and learning. (Malaguzzi 2013) The Reggio Emilia approach to Early Childhood Education sees the Environment as being the ‘third teacher’ (the first two being parents and staff). This approach is complementary to the EYFS which indicates that: ‘A rich and varied environment supports childrens learning and development. It gives them the confidence to explore and learn in secure and safe, yet challenging, indoor and outdoor spaces’ (DFE 2012) The Reggio approach holds a powerful image of the child as strong, competent and confident. Children are seen as expressing themselves in varied ways known as the hundred languages of children. This also is similar to the EYFS as it suggests; ‘every child is a unique child who is constantly learning and can be resilient, capable, confident and self-assured. ’ (DFE: 2012; 2) â€Å"Making learning visible†; every setting has a portfolio binder to identify and show parents what their child has achieved during the day. It also shows parents and children of what they learn at school, it gives children a sense of accomplishment and practitioners will encourage children towards learning.

Why These Women In STEM Chose Their Colleges

Women in STEM has received a ton of national attention in recent years. ( The phrase even has its own wikipedia page!) Today, in honor of International Day of Women and Girls in Science, we wanted to highlight a few of the many female STEM majors who are on . Weve compiled their advice on their college application journeys and how their passion for STEM was the ultimate deciding factor on where to attend.filoteia19: For a Pre-Med student, Rhodes is the perfect choice. The school offers so many opportunities for research and internships especially due to the fact that to renowned hospitals, St. Judes Hospital and Le Bonheur Childrens Hospital, are in such close proximity to the school. The campus is absolutely beautiful and the architecture of the buildings is amazing. The student body is so kind and welcoming and the academics are unparalleled. Seopinspirit:For over fifteen years, Princeton was just â€Å"the dream school.† But when it became a reality along with six other offers, my decision boiled down to the departments, professors, and undergraduate focus. I was particularly interested in Princeton’s ORFE (Operations Research and Financial Engineering) department, something which other schools did not have. This department deals with financial mathematics, machine learning, probability, optimization, etc. and applies these topics to energy, sports, commerce, technology, logistics, and many other fields. It was probably the most flexible choice for people like me who only knew they enjoyed dealing with numbers. Furthermore, many professors at Princeton were world-renowned yet extremely accessible. Finally, as much as this is overexpressed, Princeton’s undergraduate focus is no joke. The ratio of graduate students to undergraduate students is far lower than that of its peer institutions, and its overa ll size is smaller than others, contributing to why Princeton has the highest endowment per capita. This allows for more individual focus and what I knew would be a great undergraduate experience.niustephanie:I spent a lot (a LOT) of time deciding between Stanford and MIT and Stanford and Georgia Tech. I ultimately picked Stanford because of its incredible entrepreneurial culture, interdisciplinary nature, open-minded campus culture, GORGEOUS weather and campus, and proximity to Silicon Valley. And Im so glad I made the choice I did.jmalhi:As a tour guide at my school, I get asked this a lot Why did you even choose to come here. Its actually a required question we end all our tours with. So why did I choose Hopkins? I chose it for two primary reasons: scientific research and the people. Hopkins was founded in 1876 as a research universitythe first one in the United States actually. The spirit of research and inquiry, finding your own answers to problems, is strong here and thats why I really wanted to go, especially since one of my high schools, a magnet program focusing on science and math, also focused on inquiry and scientific research. The other main reason I chose my school was because of the people here. As in the adjectives before, the students at JHU are some of the smartest and most involved people at any other school. Theyre also compelling and interesting, all of them having different stories and backgrounds that are exciting to learn about. Rhandy:I chose my school because their biology program was very strong (I originally came in as a biology major). I also loved the school because it was in a great location, the campus was beautiful and inviting, and I couldnt beat the price (NYS tuition). In addition, their medical school acceptance rate post-undergrad was very high for a state school. When applying to schools I knew that I wanted a bigger school because I grew up in a small country town and I really wanted something more and something near the city. Are you also a female in stem? Leave a comment and let us know! We would love to hear more about the experience of others. If you’re looking for help with your college applications, get in touchwith a mentorand have your questions answered by a successful college student.Search through our databaseto find students like you and see how they got into college.

6 things you need to do before applying to your dream job

6 things you need to do before applying to your dream job Any of us who have spent time on the job hunt trail have been here before: While checking out job boards and researching companies who are hiring in our industry, you come across the coveted dream job- a posting that’s so perfectly aligned to what you’re looking for in your next career step that you can almost convince yourself that it was tailored precisely for you. Everything about it seems just right- a position with an industry-leading company who has a great reputation and culture, job responsibilities that really match what you’re looking to take on, and opportunities for lasting growth and success. In sum, what appears to be the perfect job. When we stumble across the dream job, we all know what happens next. A wave of anxiety washes over you like an unavoidable tsunami, with thoughts of all the great candidates who may have beaten you to the application punch, and fears that your window for applying may be closing and that your chances of getting the job may be slipping away with each passing moment.Yeah, we’ve all been here before, and at this point, you’re going to be struck with the urge to frantically rush to apply for the job before it’s too late. This is precisely the point where careless and unprepared candidates slip up and make the sort of mistakes that prevent them from being taken seriously by hiring managers. Don’t be one of these people.If you’re really intent on landing your dream job- or any job for that matter- then it’s in your best interest to slow down, take a moment, and make sure you take care of these 6 important things before applying.Review the postingMany candidates get so excited after reading a great job posting that they overlook key details, which often include specific instructions for how to apply. Rookie mistake- failing to comply with all application instructions can ruin your chances of being seriously considered for the position. Read the posting more than once to make absolutely sure that you have all of the details down cold.Review your application materialsSure, you want to get your resume and cover letter in for consideration before it’s too late, but incorrect, error-laden, or incomplete application materials are almost impossible to recover from. Trust us, taking the time to slow down and confirm, several times, that your materials are perfect and error-free is time well spent.Tailor your approachHaving a canned cover letter and resume for every job posting you come across is not your best approach, and savvy hiring personnel are going to notice. Crafting your resume and cover letter for every position you apply for and highlighting why you’re the ideal candidate for each specific company is a much better strategy for grabbing attention and getting your foot in the door for interviews.Answer the question â€Å"Why you?†The scary truth of the job world is that there are tons of qualified candidates for every open position, and candidates who don’t clearly demonstrate why they should be considered from all those among the candidate herd have little chance of standing out from the crowd. Make sure your application materials showcase your full potential value and detail why you’re a candidate to be reckoned with and taken seriously.Mind your social mediaMany candidates become so laser-focused on getting their application and materials just right that they forget to mind the other details- like making sure their public social media doesn’t contain anything that may hurt their chances. Checking a candidate’s social media footprint is industry-standard today, so make sure that anything hiring managers and personnel can see reflects as positively on you like your cover letters and resumes do.Don’t forget to re-reviewIt’s never a bad idea to take a little time to re-review your entire application package before sending it off to make sure it’s in perfect shape. If you can get a person you trust to review it with a fresh set of eyes, even better. Consider it a little extra insurance towards making sure that you’re doing everything you can to land an interview.If you’re hot on the job hunt trail and eager to land your dream job, make sure you take care of the 6 key things mentioned here before clicking â€Å"Send† for any application you submit.

Understanding the Concepts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Understanding the Concepts - Essay Example A negative NPV means that the investment has limited chances of accessing its investment capital. NPV is the best approach that an investor can use to determine whether a certain project will be profitable or not. The payback rule is a method that tells the investor the amount of time that a project will take before it recaptures the cost of investment. This does not take into account the time value of money. In addition, cash inflows after the investment cost is recovered are not considered. Moreover, the value the project will offer to the shareholders is not considered when using payback rule (Rudolf, 2008). When comparing NPV and payback rule it has to be noted that NPV takes into consideration assessing of new investments and comparing them with the other investment alternatives. At the end of the day, the investment that presents the highest net present value is the one that the investor has to go for. This will ensure that the investor gets the highest return from the project. Net present value method is an easy process that presents straightforward explanation of the investment capital value because it expresses it in monetary units. Another advantage is the possibility of adapting the discount rates for different periods. The investment with the highest NPV is what is most preferred by any investor who wants to stay in the competitive world of business. NPV offers an easy way of interpreting investment because it assigns monetary units on the capital value (Rudolf, 2008). On the other hand, payback rule gives the time that an investment will get back the invested capital without assigning any monetary units to the capital. The investment that offers the shortest payback time is the most preferred by the investors. Comparison of alternatives is possible when using the payback rule because it is used to assess the risks of the investment. This method is highly applicable in large companies, which do

Faculty role Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Faculty role - Essay Example Accreditation has the role of validating that a program or an institution meets minimum standards; nonetheless, it does not offer an indication of the degree of program quality in relation to other programs. Program review is done internally at a time interval of every 5-10 years, and considering a broad range of quantitative and qualitative indicators, designed to offer feedback for program improvement. Finally, program assessment is done by public agencies and organizations, where each might require reporting against a particular set of indicators (Shpritz & O'Mara, 2006). Assessment generally focuses on results, entails a narrower set of measures and is always continuous rather than periodic. In this paper out of the many accrediting organizations, we explore Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) and out of the two recognition bodies: US Department of Education-government regulation and council of Higher-Education Accreditation (CHEA)-self-regulation we explore the lat ter. Council of Higher-Education Accreditation (CHEA) In a nutshell, this organization is responsible of accrediting the accreditors of higher education in the US. The national organization was established to take this responsibility after the academy performed it own review of augmenting numbers of accreditors. This is generally referred to as self-regulation, as the academy is regulation itself (Myrick & Yonge, 2007). Nonetheless, accreditation of other accrediting bodies ends reality of the academy regulation, which comprises of the federal government accreditation of accrediting bodies via the department of Education. In doing so, accountability is sought via reliance upon accreditation to perform the evaluation of individual programs and institutions in an almost boundless sea of â€Å"mission†. This accountability is largely sought via evaluation of literally various transactions (assessment of learning, costs, and jobs for graduates, graduation rates) which legislation as well as regulations requires for qualification as an accrediting body commendable of opening gates to benefit from government funding. There are about 20 accrediting bodies responsible for the accreditation of institutions as well as 62 bodies responsible for the accreditation programs (such as in medicine, health professions, and law). The accrediting bodies are independent, non-governmental, as well as non-profit making organization being funded by mainly through annual subscriptions from programs and institutions. The accrediting organizations design minimum requirements, which should be satisfied in order to receive accreditation. Programs and institutions carry out self-studies basing on the standards. They are then reviewed by peers within the profession and via visiting sites and team reports. The accrediting bodies make judgments that are standard referenced via their decision-making commissions leading to awarding or denying accreditation status. Programs and institutio ns undergo periodic review for maintaining accredited status that is needed for accessing the federal and state funds. However, it should be noted that not all organizations are regulated by CHEA. Higher education and accreditation initiate, and drives change in regulation equation by discovering ways to meet the demands of accountability whereas maintaining, to the greatest level possible, the ingredients it deems vital, namely, self-regulation, institutional autonomy and academic freedom (Myrick &

On Theory of Brief History of Translation Essay Example for Free

On Theory of Brief History of Translation Essay Abstract In general, since mankind started translation activities, the study of translation has never ceased. Discussions about translation have become so frequent that various translation theories have been formed gradually in Chinese. In this paper, Habermas’s theory of communicative action reinterpreting the concept of the understanding of translation studies, and Translation to indicate this special form of cross-cultural communication in how to effectively interpret metaphor. Keywords: theory of communicative action; metaphor comprehension; translation 1. Introduction Translation is a metaphor of language as the carrier of the cross-cultural communication activities, but also a language that will carry the message to another language to the inter subjectivity of communicative action. Inter subjectivity of communicative action for the research, after Germany modern philosopher Habermass theory of communicative action (Theory of Communication Action) opened the door for people new window. The theory is  swelling in different philosophical ideas and views to choose based on the creation of a complex, multifaceted rational alliance system, it understood as the core language, based on critical theory of the financial community, general pragmatics, social evolution theory as a unified framework. 2. Under the theory of communicative action the concept of translation studies to understand 2. 1 Translation studies in the new way AC Zhu act theory. Translation Studies from the traditional structural linguistics semantic stage to stage, the development of transmission 90 to the 20th century deconstruction of the stage, after a lengthy process. Semantic translation of the traditional paradigm by the impact of the classical theory of knowledge, that man is the soul, the understanding of the object is totally dependent on the translators subjective feelings, emphasizing the translators understanding and inspiration, emphasis on spirit and Transformation, had gained the so-called flash in the pan. Because it is too much emphasis on the translators initiative to make this cross-cultural communication activities translate into a mystical practice. 80 years of the 20th century, structural linguistics in China set off a new upsurge in Translation Studies. People started to pay attention the text, try to use linguistic analysis methods instead of intuitive feeling that in the complicated hidden behind the words of a universal and regularities, as long as it can control the expression of all, making the translation into a simple mechanical operation, that is, the semantics of a target language are stored in the source language and regulations put a rule in the semantic content of thought into the preparation of. Obviously, such a tool and went to the other extreme too much emphasis on language as the object of the role of law, then followed by the fierce criticism of the ideological trend. Deconstruction gives people a new way of thinking. It broke structure, deconstruction of the system so that the provisions of one dollar to diversify the situation, the logical name translation from the language of Sri Lanka fetters doctrine, but still it will be translated once again into the irrational, too much publicity consciousness, so that interpretation becomes an infinite delay activity, the understanding and exchanges between people seems to have become impossible. How to overcome this ideology of intolerance, effective language as medium of intercultural communication activities? I believe that the use of Habermass theory of communicative action, for the translation of research to find a new way of reason. 2. 2 Translation understands the concept of re-interpretation. A French translator said: The translation is to understand and make people understand. Building understanding is the cornerstone of translation is the first step in the process of translation, not a good understanding of the translation step. When we think the theory of communicative action has opened a new translation of the windows, it is necessary to understand the concept of re-interpretation. Habermas believes that the language as a medium of social interaction, verbal communication to understand each other, or far from effective communication. Communicative action in the language, that language, the analysis can be regulated. Each speech acts and statements have the effect the dual structure. Purposes of section as the main statement, in the communication layer between the main body; and vice statement as part of statement, in the main contents of the table between the layers. Part of the implementation of speech acts in a decisive role, because it limits the relationship between language and the listener, but also the meaning of the Statute of the contents of the statement. The two structures in the speech act are interdependent. Sometimes words that are a part of which may be stressed, but it does not mean denying other part, but it only temporarily relegated to a secondary position. For example, my phone battery died, the phrase, seemed to be merely stating the fact that mobile phone battery is dead, but in fact it implies a variety of behavioral significance; ? because the battery died, so I just did not pick up the phone; ? I must go recharge; ? I will not carry a cell phone and with PHS, the PHS something please call me. This is the hidden part of the implementation of, According to the specific situation; it would serve the purposes of this or that effect. Searle that the idea of the original speaker, or intrinsic intentionality is converted to words, statements, signs, symbols, etc. , these words, statements, signs, symbols meaningful to speak out if they have a From the speakers thoughts in the derived intentionality. They not only have the traditional linguistic sense, but also with the intention of the speakers meaning. This is undoubtedly the words of Habermas and similar to the dual structure theory. Accordingly on the significance of understanding is also necessary to double the corresponding division. Understand a word should be divided into two to look at the presentation layer is the known what on the issue, and in the communication layer is the know-how of the problem. Know -what is the statement that those who understand how to reach such a clear knowledge and understanding that it can acquire the knowledge; from the perspective of those who understand, to ask him to be able to understand semantics, syntax, rules, line up the words, statements, mark the symbol what constitutes the meaning. know how is the statement that those who have the ability to construct or implement the ability of this speech act is an implicit awareness of the rules; from the perspective of those who understand, to ask him who can understand the speech of this implicit awareness of the rules. In this dual understanding, understanding of the content of verbal expression is an understanding (know-what), but to those who truly grasp the inner speech must enter double intentionality level understanding (know-how), that is part of the implementation of the understanding. Therefore, understanding can not be stuck in the form of a priori judgments must be reached in the communication process. to understand the goal is to guide a recognition that the sharing of knowledge, trust each other, the two international interdependence consistent with the subjective. It not only includes the traditional understanding of linguistic expressions, but also in connection with each other that the normative discourse related to the correctness of the background, and between the two main some kind of coordination , and the two participants in the process of communication is something the world to reach understanding, and the intention to make himself understood each other. 3. Metaphors Habermass theory of communicative action on the construction of translation studies methodology has the macro guidance of translation practice is also instructive significance? View of the Newmark said, metaphor translation is a microcosm of all the language translation, because translation to the translation of metaphor methods were showing a wide range of choices: either transfer its meaning, or reshape its image, or a modification of their, or their meaning and image of the perfect combination. The following instructions will use the metaphor theory of communicative action in cross-cultural communication The Interpretation of. Metaphor is a phenomenon of language use in the Dictionary not found in metaphor. Metaphor from the modern point of view of science should be in the form of metaphor with the exception, belong to different categories in the semantics, logic dislocation, resulting in a semantic conflict, and when the listeners have responded to the conflict, it generates a metaphorical sense, that is a metaphor to understand the words. For the metaphor of the operating mechanism, it was actually made such a description: Metaphor involves two different areas (areas) concept; the production of metaphorical meaning is the result of the interaction between the two concepts. This interaction by mapping the way in the mapping process, belonging to a related concept and structure of the field was transferred to another area, the final after the formation of a new synthesis of conceptual structure, that is, metaphorically. And this mapping and integration process is based on two areas of similarity in some respects. This is no doubt that the understanding of the need to double by metaphor. The process of understanding metaphors consist of two parts: the identification and metaphorical meaning metaphors inference. In fact this is a secondary level of understanding into the process of understanding. Give an example of people often referred to The tongue is a fire , from the presentation layer of understanding (an understanding), tongue by the American Heritage Dictionary defines this way: the fleshy, movable, muscular organ, attached in most vertebrates to the floor of the mouth, that is principal organ of taste, an aid in chewing, and swallowing, and, in human beings,, important organ of speech . We can say that the tongue is an important organ as the human body, the first and most vertebrates have the same taste and chew and auxiliary swallowing function, in addition to, or who have speech capabilities important language organ. to the basic meaning of the center, tongue behind the formation of the word meaning a large collection: it can mean something shaped like a tongue, such as tongue of flame (flame), guiding tongue (rail-oriented switch rail), switch tong (switch to copper), can also refer to human speech acts and speech capabilities, for example, hold ones tongue (keep silent), lose ones tongue (lose the capacity to speak, as from shock). The other key words in the speech act of fire, in the American Heritage Dictionary can be found in the following definition; a rapid, persistent chemical change that releases heat and light and is accompanied not flame.  the same , the meaning behind it can be found in the collection, such as, cooking fire (cooking fire), forest fire (forest fire), wild fire (wildfires), the fire of cannon fire), and other specific forms of the fire. You can also find other meaning, such as the boy is full of fire (which decided the boy is very warm and excited), He was on fire for mismanagement (because of poor management and blamed). When the tongue and the fire both carry the meaning of their huge collection of words is embedded in the basic language of A is B frame (sentence) to go when the logical relationship between the two on the adoption of is, to interact. Is used to denote a equivalents. it literally, or change a point of view, the presentation layer from the listeners understanding of the term should be reasoning as follows: the tongue is a fire . is meaning that the two sets is in some ways equivalent. However, we are both from the above understanding of the meaning of the word of view, they clearly belong to two different categories, among them with a `is connected, the the equivalent of conventional logic does not work, so from the presentation layer, we can identify this is a metaphor, thus completing the first part of understanding metaphors. When the listener is clear that to use metaphorical language behavior, the expressed will of the true meaning of metaphors to infer, that understanding will enter the second stage of course, understand the purposes of this part of speech acts, understanding the original speakers thoughts, or inner intention. Can be assumed that if The tongue is a fire is said to give an artist is accused by the media to listen to, then the speaker or may contain a sympathetic glance report of intention. Artists are always much media attention, due to For various reasons, may be one-sided media, the exaggerated reports of certain facts, and spread such a report will be turned into a stumbling news and rumors, they will more or less to the artist himself or his cause to bring a number of trouble. The context is the equivalent of the tongue and the fire provides a logical possibility: the tongue the language of human organs the words of the act media coverage people reported adverse reactions (Wei news and rumors) to the artists themselves or their cause trouble (damage to reputation or hinder the cause of development), the fire will shine the chemical substances excessive light and heat of fire, destroying things, or even result in death, so that both the destruction of the found a similar function, logical reasoning tenable. The tongue is a fire means a variety of popular artists and no shortage of opinions and statements in the news or rumors coffee, they may attack their personality, or even because of their presence, the company lifted the employment relationship, or no one would dare ask this artistes. So we have reason to infer that the speaker is the issue of Renyankewei sigh, or cautioned entertainers say and pay attention to their own to avoid capture by the media hype after which her career. At this point, the listener to complete the original speech act of an effective understanding, guiding the listener and the speaker of some sort of recognition. Complete understanding of metaphor, must be made through an understanding (understanding of the content of verbal expression) to reach two to understand (the intrinsic intentionality of the speech understanding of those). In the same language system is the case, between systems in different languages should be so, because only then can an effective cross-cultural exchanges. How should we operate on the self-evident metaphor translation, or the preservation of the source language metaphor, or metaphor replaces the target language, or to have the target language  dominance feasibility, as long as it helps the reader to complete the intention of listening comprehension. 3. 1 Preservation of the source language metaphor. When the Metaphor and figurative language and translation in the source completely or substantially the same language, the metaphor for the body of the source language, target language readers will have to listen to listen to readers of the source language similar to the psychological Lenovo, and complete understanding of similar intent, target language are advised to preserve the source language metaphor. such as: Links to Research (1) He is the only foxes. English fox, fox and Chinese refer to the same animal, when it was used as that person when they contain cunning in Italy, even listen to the reader and writer, said in a different language systems and cultural background, it can effectively understand the implementation of the partial speech act: be careful of this man, he is cunning. Another example: (2) think tank think tank Think tank in the Chinese culture does not exist in, but the library in Chinese culture, store things in the middle, so even though the people in Chinese culture has not been recognized with the library to describe the characteristics of thought The collection, but this library of knowledge to guide on English culture think tank , the identity, so library This Vehicle can save down. After all, this cross-cultural communication, we can not underestimate the listen to the readers understanding, not to deprive them of their understanding of rights. In the translation process, in order to achieve the purpose of cross-cultural communication, and sometimes need to work to preserve the source language metaphor, that metaphor at the same time preserve the source language to make the appropriate explanation. Such as: (3) What will it be when the increase of yearly production is brought to a complete stop? Here is the vulnerable place, the heel of Achilles, for capitalistic production. (Friedrich Engels, The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844) If the complete cessation of growth in annual production, what the situation is going to do? Like Achilles heel, as this will be the Achilles heel of capitalist production.

Albrecht Ritschl Essay examples -- Christian Theology

Introduction Albrecht Ritschl was one of the most pivotal theologians in the history of Christianity. While many charge him with introducing ideas that led to a more liberal theology, his intentions were nevertheless honorable. Ritschl lived in a time where Christianity was no longer considered relevant or feasible, and his reinterpretations were an attempt to keep Christianity applicable to modern society. His defenses, however, often resulted in a corruption of doctrine and left Christianity open to attack. Thus Ritschl was an extremely influential theologian, though many question how positive that influence may have been. Ritschl’s Theology Ritschl’s theology was greatly affected by the philosophers of his time. Immanuel Kant had declared that the mind was incapable of understanding anything more than what could be experienced sensorially or was beyond ordered reason and logic. Similarly, Ritschl was influenced by the Tà ¼bingen school of theology, which he came to firmly oppose. Tà ¼bingen theology was extremely skeptical about Christianity, yet also promoted mysticism. Further, the school disregarded church history.1 Thus Ritschl’s theology would take a less extreme approach. He would reject mysticism on the grounds that theology must be firmly rooted in reality, particularly moral and ethical realities. On this basis he also rejected natural theology.2 Ritschl’s theology agreed with Kant’s philosophy to some extent. He agreed that the mind was limited to its experiences, but believed it could understand moral issues as they affected the individual.3 Thus everything was reduced to judgements of fact or value. Fact judgements could be proven objectively, but value judgements could not. Thus value judgements were left... ... Bibliography Ahern, Annette. â€Å"Social Justice: Now, Later or Never? The Contribution of Albrecht Ritschl and Johannes Weiss to Social Justice Theology.† Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 32, no. 3 (2003): 281-97. http://sir.sagepub.com/content/32/3/281 (accessed February 18, 2012). Douglas, J. D., Philip Wesley Comfort and Donald Mitchell. Who's Who in Christian History. Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1992. Eckman, James P. Exploring Church History. Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2002. Geisler, Norman L. and William E. Nix. A General Introduction to the Bible. Rev. and expanded. Chicago: Moody Press, 1996. Gonzalez, Justo L. The Story of Christianity: The Reformation to the Present Day. 2nd ed. New York City, NY: HarperOne, 2010. Pierard, R.V. Evangelical Dictionary of Theology. 2nd ed. Edited by Walter A. Elwell. Grand Rapids, MI.: Baker Academic, 2001.

Management organisational behaviour

Question: Goal-setting Is widely used In management practice, but is goal-setting all pros and no cons? Discuss both the benefits and the possible downside, or â€Å"darkled† of goal- setting. Introduction Introduce the topic and briefly describe what goal setting is in your own words. Define how we're going to apply goal-setting in the context of an organization Briefly discuss the pros and cons of goal-setting Discuss my point of view- what are the most efficient methods of goal-settings and how can they be applied to an organization or an Individual. Paragraph 1 (What is goal setting? In detail, explain what goal-setting is and define Edwin A.Locker's Goal-setting theory Discuss what factors influence goal setting (E. G Specific, realistic goals work best) Evaluate on how organizations and individuals apply goal-settings Paragraph 2 ( why do we use It? ) Motivation Help you to visualize and plan actions to achieve what you want then carry it out Paragraph 3 (Benefits/Pros) Begin the paragraph with how goal-setting is beneficial as a topic sentence Create a list of key benefits that can be applied to organizations and individuals Gives a path o you know exactly where you are going and what you need to do to get there without procrastinating.Timeliness that consists of smaller milestones, so that it makes the larger goal seem more achievable Set milestones will force you to set prolepses, hence preventing you from getting distracted Organization Goals could be achieved faster and more effectively when it is being broken down into smaller goals and collaborated in a team Obtaining smaller and more frequent milestones will give a sense of achievement that motivates the organization When an organization is working with a client smaller goals allows the client to be always aware of the organizations progress towards the final goal providing a sense of security Individuals Makes you aware of your own strengths and weaknesses Keeps you focused Makes you respo nsible for your own success or failures Improve your self-image Limits your stress Paragraph 4 ( Negatives ) Begin the paragraph with discussing the downsides of goal-setting Create a list of key downsides that can be implied to organizations and individuals Creates a fear of losing ( being criticized) High speed performance may trigger inaccuracy, and lack of details when reaching the final goal.Higher accuracy could be acquired but it happens at a much slower rate, due to focus on improving quality. Organization in goals. Method of achieving that milestone may be different for each individual when it is crucial to work diligently as a team Individual Intense amount of workload may denominate a person into procrastinating once he or she believes that their goal can never be achieved until its deadline (exhaustion) Competition may be used as a catalyst to speed up the rate of achievement, but it ay result in hindered goal accomplishment. Shortage of time may lead workers to apply un systematic methods, being unable to obtain goals ethically or effectively. Paragraph 5 (So how do we use Goal-setting to its maximum capacity? Briefly explain how goal setting is commonly used within organizations Give examples of real life goal orientated organizations and individuals Carefully design timeliness back up plans Paragraph 6 (conclusion) Reintroduce the topic question Summaries each paragraphs What is goal setting? Why do we use goal setting Benefits and downsides How do we use goal setting to its maximum capacity Diaries Plan Week 4 – Starting 18th August Research and collect any available articles about goal-setting using cholesterol, encroach, protest, then start reading Gather brief information on each articles Start writing down basic format of assignment 1 learn how to reference using Harvard or PAPA style referencing Start writing up assignment 1 Week 5 – Starting 25th August Finish with assignment 1 Assignment 1 due on 27th of August Complete full /detailed research from collected resources Week 6 – Starting 3rd SeptemberCollect information for first and second paragraph with Cholesterol, Encroach, and protest – What is Goal-setting? , and why do we use it Have a basic format of how the introduction and second paragraphs will be written Final write up will be conducted later on after collecting all the necessary information Week 7 – Starting 9th September Collect information for paragraph 3 and 4 with Cholesterol, Encroach, and protest – Benefits and Downsides Have a basic format/written guide of how the third and fourth paragraphs will be written Week 8 – Starting 16th September Collect information for paragraph 5 with Cholesterol, Encroach, and protest – How do we use it to maximize its use?Have a basic format/written guide of how the fifth paragraph will be written Start assignment 2 Complete all of the body paragraphs up to the conclusion Start and complete the conclusion Start an d complete the referencing Allow peer review for independent perspectives or for checking grammatical errors Study Break – Starting 1st October Final proof reading of assignment 2 by yourself week 10 – ASSIGNMENT TWO DUE on 7th October Hand in essay via Nipping website before 4:pm Annotated bibliography Lethal, GAP 2004, ‘The motivational benefits of goal setting, Academy of Management Executive, Volvo. 18, no. 4, up. 126-129. The article a researched based on motivation, self- regulation and task management. This research is based on a hypothesis that people who assign tasks for themselves, or have their own set of goals to achieve by certain deadlines would generally outperform those who are assigned tasks by their bosses. In the end however, the researchers discovered that regardless of how the tasks were assigned to a person, the level of commitment was on par.However, people with different traits and personalities might show a great difference of performance quality when a task is assigned to them rather than giving them the freedom of setting their own tasks. Other studies relating to this research were further conducted, and one of them showed that if the difficulty of the task was unchanged, the level of performance was also constant regardless of being assigned to or self-regulated. Although I agree with the author, I disagree with some parts of the article since the level of performance will not stay constant when the difficulty rises. Due to some loss in motivation after being faced with a goal that they know they could never achieve in, some people would rather under achieve than to be disappointed in their results.Locke, EAI & Lethal, GAP 2006, ‘New Directions in Goal Setting Theory, A Journal of the Association for Psychological Science, Volvo. 15, no. 5, up. 265-268 The article is about a relationship between goal-setting and task performance during a 25 year period, based on 400 laboratory and field studies. The method of research involved arranging participants into groups of different level of tasks. For example the American Pulpwood Association experimented on their uneducated, unskilled laborers to see if setting a goal would increase their productivity. Tight deadlines soon lead to a rapid increase in work pace and set goals also motivated the workers to discover the knowledge needed to obtain greater goals.The research illustrated how motivation can be measured from different levels of realistic goals when compared with the level of motivation of having loose deadlines. The data collected higher task performance, whereas easy, vague, and unrealistic goals lead to a decline in and task performance. I agree with this article as having a set goal that is realistic boosts moral and motivation to increase anyone's work performance. Kim, Hammer, Jay S, W. Clay, 1976. Journal of Applied Psychology. Effect of Performance Feedback and Goal Setting on Productivity and Satisfaction in an Organizationa l Setting, 61 , 48-57. The article illustrates how a combination of feedback and goal settings significantly increased the work performance.The research was conducted in four separate plants with service type Jobs, with the majority of the participants whom were blue-collar, and the rest of them being women. Three objective reference measures were accounted for (cost performance, absenteeism, and safety). The results clearly indicate that a combination of goal setting and feedback is far superior to goal setting alone on the cost and safety measures of performance. However, a mix of intrinsic and extrinsic feedbacks would maximize the full capacity of a person's performance level. In my opinion, this article is very accurate since it can be applied to any gender and age. Constructive feedbacks that are both intrinsic and extrinsic is crucial for students to learn where they went wrong in order to perform better in upcoming tasks. Management organisational behaviour Question: Goal-setting Is widely used In management practice, but is goal-setting all pros and no cons? Discuss both the benefits and the possible downside, or â€Å"darkled† of goal- setting. Introduction Introduce the topic and briefly describe what goal setting is in your own words. Define how we're going to apply goal-setting in the context of an organization Briefly discuss the pros and cons of goal-setting Discuss my point of view- what are the most efficient methods of goal-settings and how can they be applied to an organization or an Individual. Paragraph 1 (What is goal setting? In detail, explain what goal-setting is and define Edwin A.Locker's Goal-setting theory Discuss what factors influence goal setting (E. G Specific, realistic goals work best) Evaluate on how organizations and individuals apply goal-settings Paragraph 2 ( why do we use It? ) Motivation Help you to visualize and plan actions to achieve what you want then carry it out Paragraph 3 (Benefits/Pros) Begin the paragraph with how goal-setting is beneficial as a topic sentence Create a list of key benefits that can be applied to organizations and individuals Gives a path o you know exactly where you are going and what you need to do to get there without procrastinating.Timeliness that consists of smaller milestones, so that it makes the larger goal seem more achievable Set milestones will force you to set prolepses, hence preventing you from getting distracted Organization Goals could be achieved faster and more effectively when it is being broken down into smaller goals and collaborated in a team Obtaining smaller and more frequent milestones will give a sense of achievement that motivates the organization When an organization is working with a client smaller goals allows the client to be always aware of the organizations progress towards the final goal providing a sense of security Individuals Makes you aware of your own strengths and weaknesses Keeps you focused Makes you respo nsible for your own success or failures Improve your self-image Limits your stress Paragraph 4 ( Negatives ) Begin the paragraph with discussing the downsides of goal-setting Create a list of key downsides that can be implied to organizations and individuals Creates a fear of losing ( being criticized) High speed performance may trigger inaccuracy, and lack of details when reaching the final goal.Higher accuracy could be acquired but it happens at a much slower rate, due to focus on improving quality. Organization in goals. Method of achieving that milestone may be different for each individual when it is crucial to work diligently as a team Individual Intense amount of workload may denominate a person into procrastinating once he or she believes that their goal can never be achieved until its deadline (exhaustion) Competition may be used as a catalyst to speed up the rate of achievement, but it ay result in hindered goal accomplishment. Shortage of time may lead workers to apply un systematic methods, being unable to obtain goals ethically or effectively. Paragraph 5 (So how do we use Goal-setting to its maximum capacity? Briefly explain how goal setting is commonly used within organizations Give examples of real life goal orientated organizations and individuals Carefully design timeliness back up plans Paragraph 6 (conclusion) Reintroduce the topic question Summaries each paragraphs What is goal setting? Why do we use goal setting Benefits and downsides How do we use goal setting to its maximum capacity Diaries Plan Week 4 – Starting 18th August Research and collect any available articles about goal-setting using cholesterol, encroach, protest, then start reading Gather brief information on each articles Start writing down basic format of assignment 1 learn how to reference using Harvard or PAPA style referencing Start writing up assignment 1 Week 5 – Starting 25th August Finish with assignment 1 Assignment 1 due on 27th of August Complete full /detailed research from collected resources Week 6 – Starting 3rd SeptemberCollect information for first and second paragraph with Cholesterol, Encroach, and protest – What is Goal-setting? , and why do we use it Have a basic format of how the introduction and second paragraphs will be written Final write up will be conducted later on after collecting all the necessary information Week 7 – Starting 9th September Collect information for paragraph 3 and 4 with Cholesterol, Encroach, and protest – Benefits and Downsides Have a basic format/written guide of how the third and fourth paragraphs will be written Week 8 – Starting 16th September Collect information for paragraph 5 with Cholesterol, Encroach, and protest – How do we use it to maximize its use?Have a basic format/written guide of how the fifth paragraph will be written Start assignment 2 Complete all of the body paragraphs up to the conclusion Start and complete the conclusion Start an d complete the referencing Allow peer review for independent perspectives or for checking grammatical errors Study Break – Starting 1st October Final proof reading of assignment 2 by yourself week 10 – ASSIGNMENT TWO DUE on 7th October Hand in essay via Nipping website before 4:pm Annotated bibliography Lethal, GAP 2004, ‘The motivational benefits of goal setting, Academy of Management Executive, Volvo. 18, no. 4, up. 126-129. The article a researched based on motivation, self- regulation and task management. This research is based on a hypothesis that people who assign tasks for themselves, or have their own set of goals to achieve by certain deadlines would generally outperform those who are assigned tasks by their bosses. In the end however, the researchers discovered that regardless of how the tasks were assigned to a person, the level of commitment was on par.However, people with different traits and personalities might show a great difference of performance quality when a task is assigned to them rather than giving them the freedom of setting their own tasks. Other studies relating to this research were further conducted, and one of them showed that if the difficulty of the task was unchanged, the level of performance was also constant regardless of being assigned to or self-regulated. Although I agree with the author, I disagree with some parts of the article since the level of performance will not stay constant when the difficulty rises. Due to some loss in motivation after being faced with a goal that they know they could never achieve in, some people would rather under achieve than to be disappointed in their results.Locke, EAI & Lethal, GAP 2006, ‘New Directions in Goal Setting Theory, A Journal of the Association for Psychological Science, Volvo. 15, no. 5, up. 265-268 The article is about a relationship between goal-setting and task performance during a 25 year period, based on 400 laboratory and field studies. The method of research involved arranging participants into groups of different level of tasks. For example the American Pulpwood Association experimented on their uneducated, unskilled laborers to see if setting a goal would increase their productivity. Tight deadlines soon lead to a rapid increase in work pace and set goals also motivated the workers to discover the knowledge needed to obtain greater goals.The research illustrated how motivation can be measured from different levels of realistic goals when compared with the level of motivation of having loose deadlines. The data collected higher task performance, whereas easy, vague, and unrealistic goals lead to a decline in and task performance. I agree with this article as having a set goal that is realistic boosts moral and motivation to increase anyone's work performance. Kim, Hammer, Jay S, W. Clay, 1976. Journal of Applied Psychology. Effect of Performance Feedback and Goal Setting on Productivity and Satisfaction in an Organizationa l Setting, 61 , 48-57. The article illustrates how a combination of feedback and goal settings significantly increased the work performance.The research was conducted in four separate plants with service type Jobs, with the majority of the participants whom were blue-collar, and the rest of them being women. Three objective reference measures were accounted for (cost performance, absenteeism, and safety). The results clearly indicate that a combination of goal setting and feedback is far superior to goal setting alone on the cost and safety measures of performance. However, a mix of intrinsic and extrinsic feedbacks would maximize the full capacity of a person's performance level. In my opinion, this article is very accurate since it can be applied to any gender and age. Constructive feedbacks that are both intrinsic and extrinsic is crucial for students to learn where they went wrong in order to perform better in upcoming tasks.